Author Archives: Joe Hilbert

  1. Recognizing the Warning Signs of a Concussion in Youth Sports: The Importance of Baseline Testing

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    Youth sports are a fantastic way for children to develop physical fitness, learn teamwork, and build confidence. However, the increased intensity and physical contact in sports also raise the risk of injuries, including concussions. A concussion is a type of traumatic brain injury (TBI) that occurs when a blow or jolt to the head disrupts normal brain function. Understanding the warning signs of a concussion and the importance of establishing a baseline can be crucial in protecting young athletes.

    Recognizing the Warning Signs of a Concussion

    A concussion can be difficult to diagnose, especially in children who may not fully understand or communicate their symptoms. However, being aware of the warning signs can help parents, coaches, and teammates take quick action to ensure the child’s safety. Here are some common signs to watch for:

    1. Physical Symptoms: A child with a concussion may complain of headaches, dizziness, nausea, or vomiting. They may also experience blurred vision, sensitivity to light or noise, and balance problems. Any loss of consciousness, even for a brief moment, is a serious sign.
    2. Cognitive Symptoms: Concussions can affect a child’s ability to think clearly. Watch for signs such as confusion, difficulty concentrating, memory problems, and slowed reaction times. The child may seem dazed or stunned.
    3. Emotional and Behavioral Changes: A concussion can also lead to changes in mood and behavior. A child might become irritable, anxious, or sad. They might also exhibit personality changes, such as being unusually aggressive or more withdrawn than usual.
    4. Sleep Disturbances: Changes in sleep patterns can also indicate a concussion. The child might have trouble falling asleep, sleep more than usual, or have difficulty waking up.

    The Importance of Establishing a Baseline

    One of the most effective ways to manage concussions in youth sports is to establish a baseline assessment before the season starts. A baseline test evaluates an athlete’s normal brain function in areas such as memory, concentration, balance, and reaction time. If a concussion is suspected, the baseline results can be compared to post-injury tests to determine the severity of the injury and guide the return-to-play decision.

    Baseline testing is crucial because it provides a personalized reference point for each child. Since every brain functions differently, knowing what is “normal” for that specific child helps healthcare providers make more informed decisions about their care. Without a baseline, it can be challenging to assess the full impact of a concussion, potentially leading to a premature return to sports, which increases the risk of further injury.

    Concussions are serious injuries that require immediate attention and proper management to prevent long-term damage. By recognizing the warning signs and understanding the importance of baseline testing, parents, coaches, and healthcare providers can help ensure the safety and well-being of young athletes. Investing in baseline testing at the start of the season is a proactive step that can make a significant difference in the event of an injury, helping to safeguard the health of children who participate in youth sports.

    The contents of this article have been reviewed by Dr. Dante Marconi with Shore Physicians Group. Dr. Marconi treats patients at Shore Physicians Group’s Orthopaedic Division office located at 710 Centre Street, 2nd Floor in Somers Point, NJ To schedule an appointment with Dr. Marconi, call 609-365-6280.

  2. Nutrition Guidance for Patients Taking GLP-1 Medications

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    GLP-1 (Glucagon-like Peptide-1) medications are a class of drugs used primarily to treat type 2 diabetes and obesity. These medications work by mimicking the action of the natural GLP-1 hormone, which increases insulin secretion, decreases glucagon secretion, slows gastric emptying, and reduces appetite. By these mechanisms, GLP-1 medications help in lowering blood glucose levels and supporting weight loss. Examples of GLP-1 medications include Ozempic (semaglutide), Zepound, and Mounjaro (tirzepatide). A new medication, Zepbound, contains tirzepatide and has been introduced specifically for weight loss.

    While these medications can be highly effective, they may cause side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and decreased appetite. Proper nutrition can help mitigate these side effects and enhance the effectiveness of GLP-1 therapy. Here’s a focus on three key areas: protein intake, hydration, and B vitamins.

    1. Protein Intake
      Protein is crucial for muscle maintenance, metabolism, and satiety. GLP-1 medications often lead to a decreased appetite, making it important for patients to prioritize protein intake to ensure they are getting enough nutrients. High-protein foods help maintain muscle mass and support recovery, especially if patients are consuming fewer calories.

      Incorporate lean protein sources like chicken, fish, tofu, beans, and low-fat dairy into every meal. If solid foods are difficult to tolerate due to nausea, consider protein shakes or smoothies as an alternative. Aiming for smaller, more frequent meals can also make it easier to meet protein needs without overwhelming the digestive system. Protein helps keep you feeling full longer, which is beneficial for those using GLP-1 medications for weight management.
    2. Hydration
      Hydration is essential for overall health, but it becomes particularly important for those taking GLP-1 medications. These drugs slow gastric emptying, which can cause a prolonged sensation of fullness and a reduced desire to drink fluids. Additionally, side effects like nausea and vomiting can contribute to dehydration, making it crucial to maintain adequate fluid intake.

      Patients should aim to drink at least 8-10 cups (64-80 ounces) of water daily, though individual needs may vary based on factors like activity level and climate. Incorporating fluids in various forms such as herbal teas, broth-based soups, and water with added fruits can make it easier to stay hydrated. It’s also wise to limit caffeine and alcohol intake as they can have diuretic effects, further contributing to dehydration.
    3. Vitamin B
      Vitamin B, particularly B12, plays an important role in energy metabolism and neurological function. Some studies have suggested that long-term use of GLP-1 medications might be associated with a risk of vitamin B12 deficiency. Symptoms of deficiency can include fatigue, weakness, and neurological issues.

      Patients should monitor their vitamin B12 levels and include vitamin B-rich foods in their diet. Animal products like meat, eggs, and dairy are good sources of B12. For those on a plant-based diet, fortified foods or supplements may be necessary to meet B12 requirements. Consulting with a healthcare provider can help in determining if a B12 supplement is needed and in finding the right dosage.

      Patients on GLP-1 medications like Ozempic, Zepound, Mounjaro, and the new weight loss medication Zepbound can achieve significant benefits in managing diabetes and weight. However, the impact of these medications on appetite and nutrient absorption makes nutrition guidance essential. By focusing on protein intake, ensuring proper hydration, and monitoring vitamin B levels, patients can better manage side effects and enhance the overall benefits of their treatment. Consulting a healthcare provider or dietitian for personalized advice is always recommended.

    Sources:

    1. American Diabetes Association. “Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes.” 2022.
    2. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). “Eating, Diet, and Nutrition for Diabetes.”
    3. Mayo Clinic. “GLP-1 receptor agonists: Is one right for you?” 2022.
    4. National Institutes of Health (NIH). “Vitamin B12 – Fact Sheet for Health Professionals.”

    The contents of this article have been reviewed by Tiffany Rios, Registered Dietician and Certified Diabetes Educator with Shore Physicians Group’s Endocrinology office located at 18 West New York Ave in Somers Point, NJ. To schedule an in-person or virtual appointment with Tiffany Rios, call 609.365.5300.

  3. Cervical Disc Issues and Their Impact on Walking: Causes and Treatment Options

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    The cervical spine, located in the neck region, consists of seven vertebrae, each cushioned by intervertebral discs that serve as shock absorbers and provide flexibility to the spine. When one or more of these cervical discs becomes damaged, such as through degeneration or herniation, it can significantly affect various bodily functions, including walking. The link between cervical disc issues and impaired walking is not widely recognized but can have serious consequences for mobility, balance, and overall quality of life.

    How Cervical Disc Problems Affect Walking

    Walking is a complex process that requires coordination between the brain, spinal cord, and muscles. The cervical spine plays a vital role in transmitting signals from the brain to the rest of the body. When cervical discs are compromised, the nerves running through the spinal cord can become compressed, leading to a variety of symptoms that impact walking.

    1. Nerve Compression: The spinal cord passes through the cervical vertebrae, and if a disc becomes herniated, it can press on the spinal cord or nerve roots. This compression may cause myelopathy (spinal cord dysfunction), leading to difficulty with walking and balance. People may notice weakness in their legs, a feeling of heaviness, or even sudden episodes of stumbling.
    2. Gait Disturbances: A herniated or degenerative cervical disc can cause a condition known as cervical spondylotic myelopathy, which often manifests with changes in gait. Patients might develop a spastic gait, where movements become stiff and jerky. Fine motor skills in the legs, such as controlling foot placement or toe movements, may become difficult, resulting in an unsteady walk.
    3. Loss of Balance: The nerves affected by cervical disc issues can alter proprioception—the body’s ability to sense its position in space. This disruption can make maintaining balance while walking more challenging. Patients may find it harder to navigate uneven surfaces or may experience frequent falls due to reduced coordination.
    4. Weakness and Fatigue: Chronic nerve compression can lead to muscle weakness, particularly in the legs. As the muscles weaken, walking becomes more physically taxing, and patients may feel fatigued after short distances. This can cause a reduction in activity levels, further exacerbating muscle weakness and mobility issues.

    Treatment Options

    Addressing the impact of cervical disc problems on walking depends on the severity of the condition. Fortunately, several treatments are available to manage symptoms and restore mobility.

    1. Physical Therapy: A tailored physical therapy program can be beneficial for strengthening muscles, improving gait, and enhancing balance. Exercises may focus on stabilizing the neck and spine while simultaneously working on lower body strength and coordination. Regular physical therapy can help alleviate some of the neurological symptoms associated with cervical disc issues.
    2. Medications: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and muscle relaxants are often prescribed to reduce inflammation and muscle spasms caused by nerve compression. Pain management can allow patients to maintain a more active lifestyle, which helps preserve muscle strength and walking ability.
    3. Surgical Intervention: In severe cases where conservative treatments do not provide relief, surgical options like cervical discectomy or cervical fusion may be necessary. These procedures aim to relieve pressure on the spinal cord or nerve roots and restore function. Many patients experience improved walking ability and reduced neurological symptoms following surgery.
    4. Assistive Devices: For those with significant walking difficulties, assistive devices such as canes, walkers, or orthotic braces may be recommended to improve mobility and prevent falls.

    Cervical disc issues can have a profound effect on walking, balance, and overall mobility. Early recognition of symptoms, such as weakness or difficulty with coordination, is key to preventing further deterioration. With a combination of physical therapy, medications, or surgical options, many patients can regain mobility and improve their quality of life. If you or a loved one is experiencing difficulty walking due to neck or spine issues, seeking medical advice is essential for timely intervention and treatment.

    The contents of this article have been reviewed by Dr. Michael Spadola, a Penn Medicine neurosurgeon. Dr. Spadola treats patients at Shore Physicians Group’s Neurosurgery Division office located at 155 Medical Center Way in Somers Point, NJ. To schedule an appointment with Dr. Spadola, call 609-365-6239.

  4. Shore Physicians Group Welcomes Dr. Carl K. Gjertson, Expert Urologist Specializing in Robotic Surgery for Prostate Cancer

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    Shore Physicians Group is pleased to announce the addition of Dr. Carl K. Gjertson, a highly qualified and experienced urologist, to its team. Dr. Gjertson brings extensive expertise in utilizing robotic surgery to treat prostate cancer, offering patients advanced, minimally invasive treatment options.

    Dr. Gjertson earned his M.D. from Columbia University’s College of Physicians and Surgeons in 2001, following his undergraduate degree in Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry from Yale University in 1993. His distinguished career includes serving as an Assistant Professor of Surgery in the Division of Urology at the University of Connecticut Health Center since 2007 and leading the Urology Division at Saint Francis Hospital from 2014 to 2019.

    Certified by the American Board of Urology, Dr. Gjertson completed his residency in urology and a specialized fellowship in laparoscopy, robotics, and endourology. He was recertified as a Diplomate in 2018, underscoring his commitment to providing the highest standard of care.

    Dr. Gjertson’s expertise and leadership have earned him numerous accolades, including being named a “Top Doctor” in Connecticut and Hartford publications consistently from 2009 to 2024. He has also contributed significantly to the field of urology through research, authoring numerous peer-reviewed publications and presenting at national conferences.

    In addition to his clinical and research contributions, Dr. Gjertson is dedicated to medical education, having served as Urology Residency Site Director and as a course director for medical students. His passion for advancing urological care makes him a valuable asset to Shore Physicians Group and its patients.

    Dr. Gjertson is seeing patients at Shore Cancer Center, located across from Shore Medical Center. For more information or to schedule an appointment with Dr. Carl Gjertson, please call 609-365-6239.

  5. The Salty Truth: How Salt Consumption Affects Your Body

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    Salt, a common ingredient found in nearly every kitchen around the world, plays a crucial role in enhancing the flavor of foods. However, excessive salt consumption can have significant implications for your health, affecting various systems within the body. From blood pressure regulation to kidney function, here’s a closer look at how salt consumption impacts the body and why moderation is key.

    1. Blood Pressure Regulation: One of the most well-known effects of salt consumption is its impact on blood pressure. Salt contains sodium, which, when consumed in excess, can lead to an increase in blood pressure levels. High blood pressure, or hypertension, is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases such as heart attack, stroke, and heart failure. Excessive salt intake can cause the body to retain water, leading to higher blood volume and elevated pressure on the arterial walls. Over time, this can contribute to the development of hypertension and its associated complications.
    2. Fluid Balance: Salt plays a crucial role in maintaining fluid balance within the body. Sodium, the primary component of salt, helps regulate the movement of fluids in and out of cells and tissues. However, consuming too much salt can disrupt this delicate balance, leading to fluid retention and swelling, particularly in the extremities. This can manifest as bloating, puffiness, and discomfort, especially in individuals with kidney or heart conditions.
    3. Kidney Function: The kidneys play a vital role in filtering waste products and excess fluids from the bloodstream. However, excessive salt consumption can put a strain on the kidneys and interfere with their ability to function properly. High levels of sodium in the bloodstream can increase the workload of the kidneys, leading to reduced efficiency in filtering waste and regulating fluid balance. Over time, this can contribute to the development of kidney disease and other renal complications.
    4. Bone Health: While salt itself does not directly impact bone health, excessive salt consumption has been linked to increased calcium excretion in the urine. Calcium is essential for maintaining strong and healthy bones, so excessive salt intake may indirectly contribute to bone loss and osteoporosis over time. Additionally, high salt diets have been associated with higher levels of urinary calcium, which may further exacerbate bone health issues.
    5. Cardiovascular Health: In addition to its effects on blood pressure, salt consumption can impact cardiovascular health in other ways. High salt diets have been linked to an increased risk of heart disease, stroke, and other cardiovascular conditions. Excessive salt intake can contribute to the development of atherosclerosis, or the buildup of plaque in the arteries, which can restrict blood flow and increase the risk of heart attack and stroke.
    6. Mental Health: Emerging research suggests that there may be a link between high salt intake and mental health issues such as depression and anxiety. While the exact mechanisms are not fully understood, some studies have found associations between salt consumption and mood disorders. Excessive salt intake may contribute to inflammation and oxidative stress in the brain, which can affect neurotransmitter function and mood regulation.

    While salt is an essential nutrient that plays a critical role in various bodily functions, excessive consumption can have detrimental effects on health. From raising blood pressure to compromising kidney function and bone health, the impact of salt on the body is far-reaching. Therefore, it’s important to be mindful of your salt intake and strive to maintain a balanced diet that prioritizes whole, unprocessed foods and limits the use of added salt. By making conscious choices about your dietary habits, you can support your overall health and well-being for years to come.

    The contents of this article have been reviewed by Angel Reyes-Diaz, MD, Primary Care Provider with Shore Physicians Group. Dr. Reyes-Diaz treats patients at Shore Physicians Group’s office located at 2605 Shore Road in Northfield. To schedule an appointment with Dr. Reyes-Diaz call 609-365-5300.

  6. Get Your Flu Shot: Protect Yourself and Your Community This Season

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    As flu season approaches, it’s essential to take proactive steps to protect yourself and those around you from the influenza virus. Every year, the flu shot plays a critical role in reducing the risk of severe illness, hospitalization, and even death associated with the flu. With the ongoing presence of COVID-19, many people are wondering how to manage their vaccinations effectively.

    Why the Flu Shot is Crucial

    The influenza virus can lead to a wide range of symptoms, from mild discomfort to severe respiratory illness. Each year, the flu causes significant health issues, including hundreds of thousands of hospitalizations and thousands of deaths in the United States. The flu vaccine is specifically designed to protect against the most prevalent strains of the virus each year, making it a critical tool in preventing illness.

    Getting the flu shot not only protects you but also helps safeguard the community by reducing the spread of the virus. This is particularly important for vulnerable populations, such as the elderly, young children, and those with chronic health conditions.

    Timing Your Flu Shot and COVID-19 Booster

    With COVID-19 vaccinations and boosters still part of our lives, you might be wondering how these interact with the flu shot. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), it is safe to receive your flu shot either before or after your COVID-19 booster.

    Both vaccines are vital for protecting your health, especially during the fall and winter months when respiratory illnesses are more common. By getting vaccinated against both flu and COVID-19, you’re taking comprehensive steps to protect yourself from serious illness.

    Different Flu Shots for Different Ages

    The flu shot isn’t one-size-fits-all; the type of vaccine you receive may depend on your age. For young children, the flu vaccine is tailored to their developing immune systems. The CDC recommends that everyone aged six months and older receive an annual flu vaccine. For children under eight years old who are getting vaccinated for the first time, a second dose is typically required to ensure full protection.

    For adults aged 65 and older, a high-dose or adjuvanted flu vaccine is recommended. These vaccines are specifically formulated to provide a stronger immune response, which is crucial for older adults who are at higher risk of severe complications from the flu.

    When to Get Your Flu Shot

    Timing is an important factor in flu vaccination. The CDC recommends getting your flu shot by the end of October. This timing is ideal because it allows your body time to build up immunity before the flu season peaks, typically between December and February. However, getting vaccinated earlier in the season—such as in September or October—is also beneficial, as it ensures you are protected as soon as the flu begins to circulate in your community.

    Shore Physicians Group Flu Shot Clinics

    To help you stay protected this flu season, Shore Physicians Group is hosting two flu shot clinics at its Surgical Division, located at 649 Shore Road in Somers Point. The first will be on Saturday, September 14 from 8am-Noon, and the second will be on Saturday, October 12, from 8am-Noon. These clinics, open to individuals aged 18 and older, offer a convenient and safe way to get vaccinated.

    Appointments are available by calling 609-365-6200. Walk ins will also be available. We strongly encourage you to take advantage of these clinics to get your flu shot early in the season. Remember, getting vaccinated not only protects you but also helps prevent the spread of the flu virus within the community.

    The contents of this article have been reviewed by Scott Warren, PharmD with Shore Physicians Group. Scott is Shore Physicians Group’s Ambulatory Care Pharmacist, and he treats patients at Shore Physicians Group’s offices in Northfield and Somers Point. To schedule an appointment with Scott Warren, call 609-365-6200 or 609-365-5300.

  7. The Health Benefits of Fire Cider: A Potent Immune-Boosting Elixir

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    As the Fall approaches, supporting your immune system becomes more crucial than ever. One simple and effective way to do this is by incorporating Fire Cider into your daily routine. Fire Cider is a traditional herbal remedy that combines a variety of natural ingredients known for their powerful health benefits. This tangy, spicy tonic is not only a flavorful addition to your diet but also a one-stop shop for bolstering your immune system. Here’s a breakdown of the key ingredients in Fire Cider and how they contribute to your overall health:

    Apple Cider Vinegar

    Apple cider vinegar (ACV) is the base of Fire Cider, and it’s packed with health benefits. ACV is known for its antibacterial properties, which can help combat harmful bacteria and support a healthy immune system. Additionally, ACV has been shown to lower blood sugar levels, making it a useful tool for managing diabetes and supporting overall metabolic health. Its ability to improve gut health is another significant benefit; the acetic acid in ACV promotes the growth of beneficial gut bacteria, which play a crucial role in immune function and overall well-being.

    Garlic

    Garlic is a powerhouse ingredient in Fire Cider, celebrated for its immune-enhancing properties. It contains allicin, a compound that has been shown to boost the immune system’s ability to fight off infections. Beyond its immune benefits, garlic can also help lower blood pressure, reduce cholesterol levels, and improve heart health. These cardiovascular benefits make garlic an essential component of a heart-healthy diet, particularly in managing and preventing heart disease.

    Ginger

    Ginger is another star ingredient in Fire Cider, renowned for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The active compound in ginger, gingerol, has been shown to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation in the body, both of which are linked to chronic diseases like heart disease and cancer. By incorporating ginger into your diet, you can support your body’s natural defenses against these conditions and promote overall health. Ginger also aids in digestion and can soothe nausea, making it a well-rounded addition to this tonic.

    Horseradish

    Horseradish brings a pungent kick to Fire Cider and is packed with antioxidants that support immune health. It contains compounds with antibacterial properties, which can help protect against infections and promote respiratory health. Horseradish is also known to clear congestion and support sinus health, making it especially beneficial during cold and flu season.

    Habanero

    Habanero peppers add the spicy heat to Fire Cider, and they come with a host of health benefits. Capsaicin, the compound responsible for the heat, has been shown to boost metabolism and promote fat loss, making it a valuable ingredient for those looking to manage their weight. Additionally, capsaicin has anti-inflammatory properties and can help relieve pain, particularly in conditions like arthritis.

    Incorporating Fire Cider into your daily routine can provide a multitude of health benefits, especially as we head into the school year. This powerful blend of apple cider vinegar, garlic, ginger, horseradish, and habanero is more than just a flavorful tonic—it’s a comprehensive approach to supporting your immune system, cardiovascular health, and overall well-being. Whether you’re looking to fend off seasonal illnesses or simply boost your body’s natural defenses, Fire Cider is a versatile and effective remedy to keep on hand.

    The contents of this article have been reviewed by Tiffany Rios, RD, CDE, with Shore Physicians Group’s Endocrinology Division. Tiffany treats patients at Shore Physicians Group’s Endocrinology office located at 18 West New York Ave in Somers Point, NJ. To schedule an appointment with Tiffany, call 609-365-5300.

  8. Shore Physicians Group to Host Flu Shot Clinic Oct. 12

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    Shore Physicians Group is making it easier than ever for the community to get their flu shot with a convenient vaccination clinic on Saturday, October 12, from 8 a.m. to 12 p.m. This clinic will be held at the SPG Surgical Division, located at 649 Shore Road in Somers Point. Appointments are available by calling 609-365-6200. Walk-ins will also be accepted.

    The flu shot clinic is open to anyone age 18 and older. In addition to the clinic, flu shots are available at all Shore Physicians Group Primary Care offices in Margate, Marmora, Mays Landing, Northfield, Ocean City, and Somers Point.

    The CDC recommends an annual flu shot for everyone aged 6 months and older as the most effective way to prevent seasonal influenza and its complications. This is particularly crucial for high-risk groups, including young children, pregnant women, seniors, and those with chronic health conditions. The CDC advises getting vaccinated by the end of October to ensure maximum protection during the peak flu season. The flu vaccine not only reduces the risk of flu illness, hospitalization, and death but also helps in curbing the spread of the virus within the community. Learn more about the CDC’s influenza guidelines at https://www.cdc.gov/flu/.

  9. Understanding Heat Exhaustion: Symptoms and Differences from General Discomfort

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    As temperatures rise during the summer months, it’s crucial to recognize the difference between general discomfort due to heat and the more serious condition known as heat exhaustion. Both can make you feel unwell, but understanding the distinct symptoms of heat exhaustion can help you take appropriate action and prevent further complications such as heat stroke.

    General Discomfort from Heat

    General discomfort from heat is common and can occur when you are exposed to high temperatures, especially if you are not used to it or are engaging in physical activity. Symptoms of heat discomfort include:

    • Sweating: The body’s natural cooling mechanism. Sweating heavily is normal in hot conditions or during physical exertion.
    • Thirst: A signal from your body that you need to replenish fluids. Mild dehydration can make you feel uncomfortable.
    • Fatigue: Feeling tired or drained after prolonged exposure to heat or physical activity.
    • Irritability: Heat can affect your mood, making you feel more irritable or short-tempered.
    • Mild headache: Often due to dehydration or prolonged sun exposure.

    These symptoms, while uncomfortable, are generally manageable with rest, hydration, and moving to a cooler environment.

    Heat Exhaustion: A More Serious Concern

    Heat exhaustion is a more severe condition that requires immediate attention. It occurs when the body loses excessive amounts of water and salt, typically through sweating. Recognizing the signs of heat exhaustion is essential for taking timely action. Symptoms include:

    • Heavy sweating: While sweating is common in heat, heat exhaustion can cause unusually heavy sweating, making the skin feel cool and clammy.
    • Pale or flushed skin: This can indicate the body is struggling to regulate its temperature.
    • Weakness or muscle cramps: Dehydration and loss of electrolytes can cause muscles to cramp and feel weak.
    • Dizziness or fainting: Feeling lightheaded or actually fainting are significant signs of heat exhaustion.
    • Nausea or vomiting: These symptoms indicate that the body is not coping well with the heat.
    • Rapid pulse: An elevated heart rate can occur as the body works harder to cool itself.
    • Confusion or anxiety: Mental symptoms like confusion or anxiety can develop as heat exhaustion progresses.

    Taking Action

    If you suspect you are experiencing heat exhaustion, it’s important to take immediate steps to cool down:

    • Move to a cooler place: Find shade or an air-conditioned environment.
    • Rehydrate: Drink water or an electrolyte-rich sports drink to replenish lost fluids and salts.
    • Rest: Sit or lie down and relax. Avoid physical exertion until you feel better.
    • Cool your body: Apply cool, wet cloths to your skin or take a cool shower or bath.

    When to Seek Medical Help

    While these measures can often alleviate symptoms, heat exhaustion can escalate to heat stroke, a life-threatening condition. Seek medical help if symptoms worsen, do not improve after an hour, or if you experience confusion, unconsciousness, or if you stop sweating.

    Prevention

    Preventing heat exhaustion involves staying hydrated, wearing appropriate clothing, avoiding excessive physical activity in high temperatures, and taking breaks in cool environments. By recognizing the signs and symptoms early, you can take steps to protect yourself and stay safe during the hot summer months.

    The contents of this article have been reviewed by Angel Reyes-Diaz, MD, Primary Care Provider with Shore Physicians Group. Dr. Reyes-Diaz treats patients at Shore Physicians Group’s office located at 2605 Shore Road in Northfield. To schedule an appointment with Dr. Reyes-Diaz call 609-365-5300.

  10. When Does Someone Know They Need Surgery for a Herniated Disc?

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    A herniated disc, also known as a slipped or ruptured disc, occurs when the soft inner gel of a spinal disc protrudes through a tear in the tougher outer layer. This condition can cause significant pain, numbness, and weakness, often affecting the lower back or neck. While many cases of herniated discs can be managed with conservative treatments such as physical therapy, medications, and lifestyle modifications, there are instances where surgery becomes necessary.

    Understanding Conservative Treatments

    Before considering surgery, most doctors recommend a variety of non-surgical treatments. These may include:

    • Physical Therapy: Exercises and stretches designed to strengthen the muscles around the spine, improve flexibility, and reduce pressure on the affected disc.
    • Medications: Over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen can help manage pain. In some cases, doctors may prescribe stronger medications, including muscle relaxants or narcotics.
    • Epidural Steroid Injections: These can help reduce inflammation and pain around the affected nerve.
    • Lifestyle Changes: Maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding activities that exacerbate the pain, and practicing good posture can all contribute to relief.

    When to Consider Surgery

    Surgery for a herniated disc is typically considered when conservative treatments have failed to provide relief after six weeks to three months. Several specific conditions and symptoms can indicate the need for surgical intervention:

    • Severe Pain: If the pain from a herniated disc is severe and persistent, and does not respond to non-surgical treatments, surgery may be necessary to relieve the pressure on the affected nerve.
    • Neurological Symptoms: Progressive neurological symptoms such as numbness, tingling, or weakness in the arms or legs, particularly if they worsen over time, may indicate nerve damage. Surgery can help prevent further deterioration.
    • Loss of Bladder or Bowel Control: A rare but serious condition called cauda equina syndrome can occur when a herniated disc compresses the nerves at the lower end of the spinal cord. This can lead to loss of bladder or bowel control and requires immediate surgical intervention.
    • Difficulty Standing or Walking: If a herniated disc causes significant weakness in the legs, making it difficult to stand or walk, surgery might be needed to restore function.

    Types of Surgical Procedures

    Several surgical options are available for treating a herniated disc. The choice of procedure depends on the location of the herniation, the patient’s overall health, and the severity of symptoms. Common surgical procedures include:

    • Microdiscectomy: This minimally invasive procedure involves removing the portion of the herniated disc that is compressing the nerve. It is often recommended for patients with leg pain (sciatica) caused by lumbar disc herniation.
    • Laminectomy: In this procedure, a portion of the vertebral bone called the lamina is removed to create more space for the nerves. It is typically used for cases involving significant spinal stenosis.
    • Disc Replacement: In some cases, the damaged disc is replaced with an artificial one. This procedure is more common in younger patients with a single-level disc herniation.
    • Spinal Fusion: This involves fusing two or more vertebrae together to stabilize the spine. It is generally considered when there is instability or when other procedures are not suitable.

    Recovery and Outlook

    Recovery from herniated disc surgery varies depending on the specific procedure and individual patient factors. Most patients experience significant pain relief and improved function following surgery. Physical therapy and lifestyle modifications are often recommended post-surgery to support recovery and prevent recurrence.

    While conservative treatments are effective for many individuals with a herniated disc, surgery may be necessary for those with severe, persistent symptoms or neurological complications. Early intervention and a comprehensive treatment plan are key to achieving the best possible outcomes.
    The contents of this article have been reviewed by Dr. Michael Spadola, a Penn Medicine neurosurgeon.

    Dr. Spadola treats patients at Shore Physicians Group’s Neurosurgery Division office located at 155 Medical Center Way in Somers Point, NJ. To schedule an appointment with Dr. Spadola, call 609-365-6239.

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