Author Archives: Joe Hilbert

1. Shore Physicians Group Urologist Dr. Carl Gjertson Now Performing Transperineal Prostate Biopsies at Shore Medical Center

   November 19, 2024 5:07 pm Comments Off on Shore Physicians Group Urologist Dr. Carl Gjertson Now Performing Transperineal Prostate Biopsies at Shore Medical Center

   Shore Physicians Group proudly announces that Dr. Carl K. Gjertson, a renowned urologist with expertise in robotic surgery, is now offering transperineal prostate biopsies to patients. This advanced procedure not only enhances diagnostic accuracy but also significantly reduces the risk of infection, providing patients with a safer and more effective option for prostate cancer diagnosis.

   Traditional Prostate Biopsy: Understanding the Risks

   The typical prostate biopsy method involves a transrectal approach, where the biopsy needle is passed through the rectum to reach the prostate. While effective, this method carries a 3-4% risk of severe infection due to bacteria present in the rectum, which can enter the bloodstream during the procedure. To mitigate this risk, patients require three days of prophylactic antibiotics. Despite these precautions, some patients may still experience infections or even sepsis, a serious condition defined as a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by the body’s response to infection.

   Transperineal Prostate Biopsies: A Safer Approach

   Dr. Gjertson’s introduction of transperineal prostate biopsies eliminates the need to go through the rectum, reducing the risk of infection substantially. In this procedure, the biopsy needle is inserted through the perineum (the area between the scrotum and anus), bypassing the rectum entirely. This method not only minimizes infection risk but also enhances the ability to reach difficult-to-access areas of the prostate, potentially improving the diagnostic accuracy for prostate cancer.

   Meet Dr. Carl K. Gjertson, a Leader in Urologic Care

   Dr. Gjertson brings a wealth of knowledge and experience to Shore Physicians Group. A graduate of Columbia University’s College of Physicians and Surgeons, he also holds an undergraduate degree in Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry from Yale University. He has been a key figure in the field of urology, serving as an Assistant Professor of Surgery in the Division of Urology at the University of Connecticut Health Center since 2007 and leading the Urology Division at Saint Francis Hospital from 2014 to 2019.

   Board-certified by the American Board of Urology, Dr. Gjertson completed his urology residency and a fellowship in laparoscopy, robotics, and endourology. His expertise and dedication to urologic care are reflected in his numerous accolades, including being named a “Top Doctor” in Connecticut and Hartford publications for over a decade. Beyond clinical practice, he has made substantial contributions to urologic research and education, authoring many peer-reviewed publications and presenting at national conferences.

   Accessing Advanced Urological Care with Shore Physicians Group

   Dr. Gjertson is now seeing patients at Shore Cancer Center, conveniently located across from Shore Medical Center. His addition to the Shore Physicians Group team ensures that patients in the region have access to leading-edge diagnostic and treatment options in urology, including robotic surgery for prostate cancer and now, safer transperineal prostate biopsies.

   For more information or to schedule an appointment with Dr. Carl Gjertson, please call Shore Physicians Group at 609-365-6239.

2. Exercise Smart: How Proper Warm-Ups and Cool-Downs Safeguard Your Joints and Muscles

   4:43 pm Comments Off on Exercise Smart: How Proper Warm-Ups and Cool-Downs Safeguard Your Joints and Muscles

   By Dante Marconi, MD, Orthopaedic Surgeon

   Whether you’re a seasoned athlete or just starting your fitness journey, taking care of your body before and after exercise is essential. One of the most overlooked aspects of injury prevention is the warm-up and cool-down routine. As an orthopaedic surgeon, I’ve seen countless injuries that could have been prevented with just a little extra preparation. Here’s why warming up and cooling down matters—and how you can integrate these steps into your workout to stay healthy and active.

   Why Warm-Ups Are Essential

   Warming up isn’t just about loosening your muscles—it’s a process that prepares your entire body for exercise. A proper warm-up gradually increases your heart rate, breathing, and blood flow to muscles, which helps reduce strain and lowers the risk of injury.

   Think of your muscles like a rubber band. If you try to stretch a cold rubber band, it can snap easily. But if you warm it up first, it becomes more flexible. The same principle applies to your muscles and tendons—they become more elastic and prepared for movement when warmed up, minimizing the chance of strains, sprains, and other injuries.

   Key Components of a Warm-Up

   Light Cardio: Start with 5–10 minutes of low-intensity aerobic activity, like brisk walking, jogging, or cycling. This boosts your heart rate and circulation.

   Dynamic Stretching: Follow with stretches that involve controlled movements through your full range of motion—like leg swings, arm circles, or walking lunges. Dynamic stretching enhances muscle flexibility and joint mobility, improving your performance during exercise.

   Sport-Specific Movements: If you’re preparing for a sport or activity, include movements that mimic what you’ll be doing, such as dribbling a basketball or doing practice swings if you’re playing tennis.

   Why Cooling Down Is Just as Important

   Many people finish their workout and rush to the next part of their day, but cooling down is critical for recovery and reducing soreness. A proper cool-down gradually slows your heart rate and helps your muscles relax, minimizing the risk of post-exercise stiffness or injury. Skipping the cool-down can cause blood to pool in your muscles, leading to dizziness or even fainting.

   Key Components of a Cool-Down

   Light Cardio or Movement: After intense exercise, keep moving at a slower pace for 5–10 minutes to allow your heart rate and breathing to return to normal.

   Static Stretching: Now that your muscles are warm, it’s time for static stretching—holding stretches for 20–30 seconds. Focus on the muscle groups you used during your workout, such as hamstrings, quads, or shoulders. Stretching post-workout improves flexibility, reduces stiffness, and promotes long-term joint health.

   Hydration and Recovery: Drink water or an electrolyte-rich drink to replenish fluids lost through sweat. This aids in muscle recovery and prevents cramps.

   The Risks of Skipping Warm-Ups and Cool-Downs

   Without a proper warm-up, your body isn’t fully prepared for the physical demands of exercise. This increases your risk of muscle strains and tears, joint injuries such as sprains, and tendonitis (inflammation of tendons). Similarly, neglecting a cool-down can result in muscle tightness and soreness, dizziness or lightheadedness from sudden blood pooling, and reduced flexibility and mobility over time.

   The Bottom Line

   Injury prevention starts with respecting your body’s needs—and that means committing to a proper warm-up and cool-down every time you exercise. These routines don’t need to be long, but they are invaluable for your performance, recovery, and long-term joint health. As an orthopaedic surgeon, I can’t stress enough how small habits, like warming up and cooling down, can make a big difference in keeping you active and injury-free.

   So, the next time you lace up your shoes, take a few extra minutes to warm up your body and cool it down after. Your muscles, joints, and future self will thank you!

   Dante Marconi, MD is a board-certified orthopaedic surgeon with Shore Physicians Group, specializing in Sports Medicine and Shoulder Surgery. He treats both sports-related and non-sports-related injuries, offering procedures like shoulder, elbow, hip, and knee arthroscopy and joint replacements. Dr. Marconi emphasizes minimally invasive techniques for faster recovery and overall bone and joint health. He practices at Shore Physicians Group Orthopaedic Surgery Division, 710 Centre Street, 2nd Floor, Somers Point, NJ, and he also sees patients in Mays Landing on Tuesdays at Shore Physicians Group in the Festival at Hamilton. To schedule an appointment, call 609-365-6280.

3. Shore Physicians Group Presents: “What You Need to Know About Diabetes” Health Education Event, Nov 20

   November 6, 2024 7:53 pm Comments Off on Shore Physicians Group Presents: “What You Need to Know About Diabetes” Health Education Event, Nov 20

   Shore Physicians Group announced it will host a health education event titled, “What You Need to Know About Diabetes,” on Wednesday, November 20 at The Village at St. Peter’s, 21 W. Black Horse Pike, in Pleasantville. Experts from Shore Physicians Group will share important information about diabetes management, treatments, and new technology.

   The presentations will be delivered in Spanish from 10am-11am, and in English from 11am-12noon. All presentations will be followed by a question-and-answer session.

   Attendees will enjoy presentations from three Shore Physicians Group healthcare professionals. The first speaker will be Dr. Maria Cerna, who is a primary care doctor at Shore Physicians Group’s Northfield location. Dr. Cerna will discuss what diabetes is and how it affects the body.

   The next two speakers, Diabetes Educator Nicholas Kundrat and Dietitian and Diabetes Educator Tiffany Rios, RD, CDE, treat patients in Shore Physicians Group’s Endocrinology office in Somers Point. They will discuss managing diabetes through technology, medications, nutrition, and lifestyle adjustments, showing how these can support a healthier life.

   Bagels, coffee, and sugar-free cupcakes will be served. To RSVP, email wellness@shoremedicalcenter.org or call 609.365.5257.

4. Avoiding the Post-Thanksgiving Burn: Your Guide to Antacids and Heartburn Relief

   October 30, 2024 12:43 pm Comments Off on Avoiding the Post-Thanksgiving Burn: Your Guide to Antacids and Heartburn Relief

   Thanksgiving is a time for family, gratitude, and, of course, delicious food. But for some, indulging in a holiday feast can lead to an uncomfortable side effect: heartburn. As we savor those rich dishes, understanding how antacids work can help manage occasional acid reflux and indigestion not only during the holidays but all year round. Here’s a look at how antacids work, why they’re effective, and a few important considerations for safe use.

   How Do Antacids Work?

   When we eat, our stomach produces acid to break down food. For those who experience heartburn, this acid can flow back into the esophagus, causing an uncomfortable burning sensation in the chest and throat. Antacids work by neutralizing this stomach acid, bringing immediate relief. The active ingredients in most antacids—such as calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, or aluminum hydroxide—are alkaline, which counteracts the acid and provides quick but temporary relief by reducing acidity in the stomach and esophagus.

   Why Antacids Are Effective

   Antacids are effective because they act quickly. Within minutes, they can alleviate heartburn, sour stomach, and mild indigestion by neutralizing the acid that’s causing irritation. They’re especially helpful for those who only experience heartburn occasionally, perhaps after a large meal or certain types of foods—like those found on a Thanksgiving table: rich casseroles, creamy mashed potatoes, and spicy stuffing.

   For occasional heartburn, antacids can be a safe, short-term solution, helping you enjoy your favorite foods without pain or discomfort. However, it’s important to remember that antacids are not designed to treat chronic heartburn or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), which require different treatments and may need medical attention.

   Ingredients to Be Mindful Of

   Different types of antacids contain different active ingredients, each with its benefits and potential drawbacks. Here’s a quick overview:

   1. Calcium Carbonate: This is commonly found in many over-the-counter antacids and is effective for quick relief. Calcium carbonate is generally safe but may lead to constipation if used too frequently.
   2. Magnesium Hydroxide: Known for its fast-acting relief, magnesium hydroxide can help with heartburn but may cause diarrhea in some people if taken in high doses.
   3. Sodium Bicarbonate: Sodium bicarbonate is effective but high in sodium, which can raise blood pressure and may not be ideal for people on low-sodium diets or those with hypertension.
   4. Aluminum Hydroxide: This ingredient provides effective acid neutralization but can lead to constipation and, with prolonged use, potentially disrupt mineral balance in the body.

   When to Use Caution

   While antacids are generally safe, they are intended for occasional, short-term use. Overuse can lead to side effects, such as constipation, diarrhea, or even “acid rebound electrolytes disturbance,” where the stomach produces more acid in response. Additionally, antacids can interfere with certain medications, including antibiotics and heart medications, so it’s important to consult a doctor or pharmacist if you’re taking other prescriptions.

   Whether it’s Thanksgiving or any other indulgent meal, having a balanced understanding of antacids can help you manage occasional heartburn effectively. Enjoy the holiday table, and remember that taking a mindful approach to antacid use can provide safe and effective relief throughout the year

   The contents of this article have been reviewed by Dr. Ahmed Nashat, Family Medicine provider with Shore Physicians Group. Dr. Nashat treats patients at Shore Physicians Group’s office located at 401 Bethel Road in Somers Point. To schedule an appointment with Dr. Nashat, call 609-365-6200.

5. Understanding Strep Throat: Symptoms, Treatment, and What You Need to Know

   12:23 pm Comments Off on Understanding Strep Throat: Symptoms, Treatment, and What You Need to Know

   Strep throat is a common bacterial infection that primarily affects the throat and tonsils, causing pain, swelling, and irritation. Caused by Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria, also known as group A streptococcus, strep throat can spread easily, especially among children and in close-contact environments like schools and workplaces. Here’s a comprehensive look at what strep throat is, how it’s transmitted, and what short-term and long-term effects it can have on your health.

   What is Strep Throat?

   Strep throat is an infection of the throat and tonsils caused by the group A streptococcus bacteria. This bacterial infection can cause sore throat, red and swollen tonsils, fever, and difficulty swallowing. The pain in the throat is often severe, with some people experiencing white patches on the tonsils, swollen lymph nodes, and headaches. Strep throat can sometimes be mistaken for a viral sore throat, but it’s important to distinguish between the two because strep throat requires specific antibiotic treatment.

   How is Strep Throat Spread?

   Strep throat is highly contagious and spreads through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. It can also spread through shared items like utensils or surfaces if touched and then introduced to the mouth or nose. People are often contagious even before symptoms appear, which makes preventing the spread challenging.

   Contagion Period and Short-Term Effects

   Once infected, a person is contagious roughly two to five days before symptoms appear and can continue to spread the bacteria until 24 hours after starting antibiotic treatment. During the contagious period, symptoms like sore throat, fever, body aches, and fatigue are common. In children, strep throat may also lead to vomiting or stomach pain, but symptoms generally begin to improve within a few days after starting antibiotics.

   Long-Term Effects of Strep Throat

   If strep throat is diagnosed and treated promptly, most people recover fully without complications. However, if left untreated, strep throat can lead to more severe health issues, including rheumatic fever, which can cause permanent damage to the heart and joints. Untreated strep throat can also lead to a condition called post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, an inflammatory kidney disease. These long-term effects are rare but underscore the importance of seeking treatment.

   How Does Strep Throat Affect Different Age Groups?

   Strep throat is most common in children between 5 and 15 years old, but adults can get it too, especially those frequently exposed to children. Younger children may experience more severe symptoms, such as high fever and stomach upset, while adults may experience more classic sore throat symptoms. Older adults are less likely to get strep throat but may face more complications if the infection occurs.

   Treatment and Prevention

   Strep throat is typically treated with antibiotics, usually penicillin or amoxicillin, which can relieve symptoms quickly and reduce the duration of contagiousness. It’s crucial to complete the full course of antibiotics even if symptoms improve, as this ensures the infection is entirely eradicated and reduces the risk of complications. Over-the-counter pain relievers can also help manage symptoms.

   Can Strep Throat Lead to Other Infections?

   If untreated, strep throat can lead to secondary infections like sinusitis, ear infections, or abscesses around the tonsils (peritonsillar abscess). These complications can be serious and require additional medical treatment, which is why early diagnosis and antibiotics are essential.

   Strep throat is a common yet serious bacterial infection that spreads easily and can lead to severe complications if not treated. While children are most frequently affected, adults are also susceptible, especially in high-contact settings. By recognizing symptoms early and seeking prompt treatment, you can prevent the spread and reduce the risk of long-term health effects.

   The contents of this article have been reviewed by Katie Worthington, MSN, RN, FNP-C with Shore Physicians Group. Katie Worthington treats patients at Shore Physicians Group’s Margate office. To schedule an appointment with Katie, call 609.822.4800.

6. Cholesterol Control: Tips for a Heart-Healthy Life

   12:09 pm Comments Off on Cholesterol Control: Tips for a Heart-Healthy Life

   Cholesterol is a fatty, waxy substance found in your blood and is necessary for building healthy cells and hormones. However, having too much cholesterol can pose serious health risks, primarily related to heart health. When excess cholesterol circulates in the bloodstream, it can contribute to plaque buildup in arteries, leading to conditions like atherosclerosis, heart disease, and stroke.

   Good vs. Bad Cholesterol: What’s the Difference?

   Cholesterol isn’t all the same; it’s divided into two types—LDL (low-density lipoprotein) and HDL (high-density lipoprotein). LDL, or “bad” cholesterol, contributes to plaque buildup, narrowing arteries and increasing the risk of heart issues. HDL, known as “good” cholesterol, helps remove LDL cholesterol from the arteries, reducing health risks.

   A healthy cholesterol level varies by age, but for most adults, total cholesterol should stay under 200 mg/dL, with LDL below 100 mg/dL and HDL at 40 mg/dL or higher. If your cholesterol levels are higher than these ranges, it may be time to take action to lower them.

   Five Tips to Lower Cholesterol

   Managing cholesterol often requires a mix of lifestyle adjustments and healthy habits. Here are five tips that can help lower cholesterol:

   • Eat More Fiber: Soluble fiber, found in oats, beans, fruits, and vegetables, can reduce the absorption of cholesterol in the bloodstream, lowering LDL levels.
   • Choose Healthy Fats: Replace saturated fats (found in red meat and full-fat dairy) with healthy fats like those in olive oil, avocados, and nuts. This shift can reduce LDL cholesterol without affecting HDL.
   • Increase Physical Activity: Regular exercise helps raise HDL levels while lowering LDL and triglycerides. Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate activity, like brisk walking or cycling, on most days of the week.
   • Limit Cholesterol-Rich Foods: While dietary cholesterol isn’t as harmful as saturated or trans fats, limiting foods high in cholesterol, such as organ meats, egg yolks, and shellfish, may help some individuals manage their cholesterol levels better.
   • Quit Smoking: Smoking lowers HDL cholesterol and can damage blood vessels, making it easier for LDL to stick to artery walls. Quitting smoking can improve HDL levels and benefit overall heart health.

   Foods to Avoid for Cholesterol Management

   To maintain heart health, try to limit or avoid foods high in saturated and trans fats. This includes fatty cuts of meat, fried foods, pastries, and processed foods with hydrogenated oils. High-sugar foods and beverages should also be limited, as sugar contributes to high triglyceride levels, which can worsen cholesterol profiles.

   Monitoring Cholesterol Levels

   Knowing your cholesterol levels starts with a simple blood test, often called a lipid panel, which measures your total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglycerides. This test helps provide a full picture of your heart health and can indicate if lifestyle changes are necessary.

   How a Primary Care Doctor Can Help

   Your primary care doctor plays a crucial role in managing cholesterol. They can assess your levels, recommend lifestyle adjustments, and, if necessary, prescribe medication to help keep your cholesterol in check. Doctors can also guide you in setting realistic health goals and monitoring progress, ensuring a proactive approach to heart health.

   Cholesterol management is essential for long-term health, but it doesn’t have to be overwhelming. By making intentional lifestyle choices and regularly consulting with a healthcare provider, you can effectively control your cholesterol levels and enjoy a healthier life.

   The contents of this article have been reviewed by Rosario Alfaro, APN with Shore Physicians Group. She treats patients at Shore Physicians Group’s Northfield office. To schedule an appointment with Rosario Alfaro, call 609-365-5300.

7. Shore Physicians Group Welcomes Orthopedic Surgeon Dr. John Avallone to Its Division of Orthopaedic Surgery & Sports Medicine

   September 25, 2024 4:18 pm Comments Off on Shore Physicians Group Welcomes Orthopedic Surgeon Dr. John Avallone to Its Division of Orthopaedic Surgery & Sports Medicine

   Shore Physicians Group announced that John A. Avallone, DO, FAOAO, an accomplished orthopedic surgeon with more than 30 years of experience, has joined its Division of Orthopaedic Surgery & Sports Medicine located at 710 Centre Street in Somers Point. Dr. Avallone specializes in treating fractures, joint replacements, and sports injuries, with a focus on helping patients regain mobility and quality of life.

   A lifelong resident of the region, Dr. Avallone earned his B.S. in Biology from Delaware Valley College in Doylestown, PA, and his D.O. from the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine. He completed his orthopedic surgery residency at Community General Osteopathic Hospital in Harrisburg, PA.

   Dr. Avallone’s career includes serving at St. Mary’s Orthopedic Group, Trenton Orthopedic Group, and Makefield Orthopaedic, PC, where he honed his expertise in hip, knee, and shoulder replacements. He is certified by the American Osteopathic Board of Orthopedic Surgery and is a member of several professional organizations, including the American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons and the American Osteopathic Association. In addition to his clinical work, Dr. Avallone served as a Clinical Instructor in the Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopedics, at the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, where he contributes to educating the next generation of orthopedic surgeons.

   “I practice orthopedics and joint replacement surgery because of the challenge and reward they offer,” said Dr. Avallone. “I find it very gratifying to be able to help relieve patients’ pain and assist them in restoring normal function so they can return to their active lives.”

   Dr. Avallone is now accepting new patients at Shore Physicians Group in Somers Point. For more information or to schedule an appointment, or call 609-365-6280.

8. Recognizing the Warning Signs of a Concussion in Youth Sports: The Importance of Baseline Testing

   September 18, 2024 3:39 pm Comments Off on Recognizing the Warning Signs of a Concussion in Youth Sports: The Importance of Baseline Testing

   Youth sports are a fantastic way for children to develop physical fitness, learn teamwork, and build confidence. However, the increased intensity and physical contact in sports also raise the risk of injuries, including concussions. A concussion is a type of traumatic brain injury (TBI) that occurs when a blow or jolt to the head disrupts normal brain function. Understanding the warning signs of a concussion and the importance of establishing a baseline can be crucial in protecting young athletes.

   Recognizing the Warning Signs of a Concussion

   A concussion can be difficult to diagnose, especially in children who may not fully understand or communicate their symptoms. However, being aware of the warning signs can help parents, coaches, and teammates take quick action to ensure the child’s safety. Here are some common signs to watch for:

   1. Physical Symptoms: A child with a concussion may complain of headaches, dizziness, nausea, or vomiting. They may also experience blurred vision, sensitivity to light or noise, and balance problems. Any loss of consciousness, even for a brief moment, is a serious sign.
   2. Cognitive Symptoms: Concussions can affect a child’s ability to think clearly. Watch for signs such as confusion, difficulty concentrating, memory problems, and slowed reaction times. The child may seem dazed or stunned.
   3. Emotional and Behavioral Changes: A concussion can also lead to changes in mood and behavior. A child might become irritable, anxious, or sad. They might also exhibit personality changes, such as being unusually aggressive or more withdrawn than usual.
   4. Sleep Disturbances: Changes in sleep patterns can also indicate a concussion. The child might have trouble falling asleep, sleep more than usual, or have difficulty waking up.

   The Importance of Establishing a Baseline

   One of the most effective ways to manage concussions in youth sports is to establish a baseline assessment before the season starts. A baseline test evaluates an athlete’s normal brain function in areas such as memory, concentration, balance, and reaction time. If a concussion is suspected, the baseline results can be compared to post-injury tests to determine the severity of the injury and guide the return-to-play decision.

   Baseline testing is crucial because it provides a personalized reference point for each child. Since every brain functions differently, knowing what is “normal” for that specific child helps healthcare providers make more informed decisions about their care. Without a baseline, it can be challenging to assess the full impact of a concussion, potentially leading to a premature return to sports, which increases the risk of further injury.

   Concussions are serious injuries that require immediate attention and proper management to prevent long-term damage. By recognizing the warning signs and understanding the importance of baseline testing, parents, coaches, and healthcare providers can help ensure the safety and well-being of young athletes. Investing in baseline testing at the start of the season is a proactive step that can make a significant difference in the event of an injury, helping to safeguard the health of children who participate in youth sports.

   The contents of this article have been reviewed by Dr. Dante Marconi with Shore Physicians Group. Dr. Marconi treats patients at Shore Physicians Group’s Orthopaedic Division office located at 710 Centre Street, 2nd Floor in Somers Point, NJ To schedule an appointment with Dr. Marconi, call 609-365-6280.

9. Nutrition Guidance for Patients Taking GLP-1 Medications

   3:30 pm Comments Off on Nutrition Guidance for Patients Taking GLP-1 Medications

   GLP-1 (Glucagon-like Peptide-1) medications are a class of drugs used primarily to treat type 2 diabetes and obesity. These medications work by mimicking the action of the natural GLP-1 hormone, which increases insulin secretion, decreases glucagon secretion, slows gastric emptying, and reduces appetite. By these mechanisms, GLP-1 medications help in lowering blood glucose levels and supporting weight loss. Examples of GLP-1 medications include Ozempic (semaglutide), Zepound, and Mounjaro (tirzepatide). A new medication, Zepbound, contains tirzepatide and has been introduced specifically for weight loss.

   While these medications can be highly effective, they may cause side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and decreased appetite. Proper nutrition can help mitigate these side effects and enhance the effectiveness of GLP-1 therapy. Here’s a focus on three key areas: protein intake, hydration, and B vitamins.

   1. Protein Intake
      Protein is crucial for muscle maintenance, metabolism, and satiety. GLP-1 medications often lead to a decreased appetite, making it important for patients to prioritize protein intake to ensure they are getting enough nutrients. High-protein foods help maintain muscle mass and support recovery, especially if patients are consuming fewer calories.
      
      Incorporate lean protein sources like chicken, fish, tofu, beans, and low-fat dairy into every meal. If solid foods are difficult to tolerate due to nausea, consider protein shakes or smoothies as an alternative. Aiming for smaller, more frequent meals can also make it easier to meet protein needs without overwhelming the digestive system. Protein helps keep you feeling full longer, which is beneficial for those using GLP-1 medications for weight management.
   2. Hydration
      Hydration is essential for overall health, but it becomes particularly important for those taking GLP-1 medications. These drugs slow gastric emptying, which can cause a prolonged sensation of fullness and a reduced desire to drink fluids. Additionally, side effects like nausea and vomiting can contribute to dehydration, making it crucial to maintain adequate fluid intake.
      
      Patients should aim to drink at least 8-10 cups (64-80 ounces) of water daily, though individual needs may vary based on factors like activity level and climate. Incorporating fluids in various forms such as herbal teas, broth-based soups, and water with added fruits can make it easier to stay hydrated. It’s also wise to limit caffeine and alcohol intake as they can have diuretic effects, further contributing to dehydration.
   3. Vitamin B
      Vitamin B, particularly B12, plays an important role in energy metabolism and neurological function. Some studies have suggested that long-term use of GLP-1 medications might be associated with a risk of vitamin B12 deficiency. Symptoms of deficiency can include fatigue, weakness, and neurological issues.
      
      Patients should monitor their vitamin B12 levels and include vitamin B-rich foods in their diet. Animal products like meat, eggs, and dairy are good sources of B12. For those on a plant-based diet, fortified foods or supplements may be necessary to meet B12 requirements. Consulting with a healthcare provider can help in determining if a B12 supplement is needed and in finding the right dosage.
      
      Patients on GLP-1 medications like Ozempic, Zepound, Mounjaro, and the new weight loss medication Zepbound can achieve significant benefits in managing diabetes and weight. However, the impact of these medications on appetite and nutrient absorption makes nutrition guidance essential. By focusing on protein intake, ensuring proper hydration, and monitoring vitamin B levels, patients can better manage side effects and enhance the overall benefits of their treatment. Consulting a healthcare provider or dietitian for personalized advice is always recommended.

   Sources:

   1. American Diabetes Association. “Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes.” 2022.
   2. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). “Eating, Diet, and Nutrition for Diabetes.”
   3. Mayo Clinic. “GLP-1 receptor agonists: Is one right for you?” 2022.
   4. National Institutes of Health (NIH). “Vitamin B12 – Fact Sheet for Health Professionals.”

   The contents of this article have been reviewed by Tiffany Rios, Registered Dietician and Certified Diabetes Educator with Shore Physicians Group’s Endocrinology office located at 18 West New York Ave in Somers Point, NJ. To schedule an in-person or virtual appointment with Tiffany Rios, call 609.365.5300.

10. Cervical Disc Issues and Their Impact on Walking: Causes and Treatment Options

    3:25 pm Comments Off on Cervical Disc Issues and Their Impact on Walking: Causes and Treatment Options

    The cervical spine, located in the neck region, consists of seven vertebrae, each cushioned by intervertebral discs that serve as shock absorbers and provide flexibility to the spine. When one or more of these cervical discs becomes damaged, such as through degeneration or herniation, it can significantly affect various bodily functions, including walking. The link between cervical disc issues and impaired walking is not widely recognized but can have serious consequences for mobility, balance, and overall quality of life.

    How Cervical Disc Problems Affect Walking

    Walking is a complex process that requires coordination between the brain, spinal cord, and muscles. The cervical spine plays a vital role in transmitting signals from the brain to the rest of the body. When cervical discs are compromised, the nerves running through the spinal cord can become compressed, leading to a variety of symptoms that impact walking.

    1. Nerve Compression: The spinal cord passes through the cervical vertebrae, and if a disc becomes herniated, it can press on the spinal cord or nerve roots. This compression may cause myelopathy (spinal cord dysfunction), leading to difficulty with walking and balance. People may notice weakness in their legs, a feeling of heaviness, or even sudden episodes of stumbling.
    2. Gait Disturbances: A herniated or degenerative cervical disc can cause a condition known as cervical spondylotic myelopathy, which often manifests with changes in gait. Patients might develop a spastic gait, where movements become stiff and jerky. Fine motor skills in the legs, such as controlling foot placement or toe movements, may become difficult, resulting in an unsteady walk.
    3. Loss of Balance: The nerves affected by cervical disc issues can alter proprioception—the body’s ability to sense its position in space. This disruption can make maintaining balance while walking more challenging. Patients may find it harder to navigate uneven surfaces or may experience frequent falls due to reduced coordination.
    4. Weakness and Fatigue: Chronic nerve compression can lead to muscle weakness, particularly in the legs. As the muscles weaken, walking becomes more physically taxing, and patients may feel fatigued after short distances. This can cause a reduction in activity levels, further exacerbating muscle weakness and mobility issues.

    Treatment Options

    Addressing the impact of cervical disc problems on walking depends on the severity of the condition. Fortunately, several treatments are available to manage symptoms and restore mobility.

    1. Physical Therapy: A tailored physical therapy program can be beneficial for strengthening muscles, improving gait, and enhancing balance. Exercises may focus on stabilizing the neck and spine while simultaneously working on lower body strength and coordination. Regular physical therapy can help alleviate some of the neurological symptoms associated with cervical disc issues.
    2. Medications: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and muscle relaxants are often prescribed to reduce inflammation and muscle spasms caused by nerve compression. Pain management can allow patients to maintain a more active lifestyle, which helps preserve muscle strength and walking ability.
    3. Surgical Intervention: In severe cases where conservative treatments do not provide relief, surgical options like cervical discectomy or cervical fusion may be necessary. These procedures aim to relieve pressure on the spinal cord or nerve roots and restore function. Many patients experience improved walking ability and reduced neurological symptoms following surgery.
    4. Assistive Devices: For those with significant walking difficulties, assistive devices such as canes, walkers, or orthotic braces may be recommended to improve mobility and prevent falls.

    Cervical disc issues can have a profound effect on walking, balance, and overall mobility. Early recognition of symptoms, such as weakness or difficulty with coordination, is key to preventing further deterioration. With a combination of physical therapy, medications, or surgical options, many patients can regain mobility and improve their quality of life. If you or a loved one is experiencing difficulty walking due to neck or spine issues, seeking medical advice is essential for timely intervention and treatment.

    The contents of this article have been reviewed by Dr. Michael Spadola, a Penn Medicine neurosurgeon. Dr. Spadola treats patients at Shore Physicians Group’s Neurosurgery Division office located at 155 Medical Center Way in Somers Point, NJ. To schedule an appointment with Dr. Spadola, call 609-365-6239.